Inequalities in health outcomes impose substantial human and economic costs on all
societies—and the relation between early adversity and lifelong well-being presents a rich …

Background Adverse psychosocial exposures in early life, namely experiences such as child
maltreatment, caregiver stress or depression, and domestic or community violence, have …

Stress responses help us navigate our environment and respond appropriately to threats.
Stress systems communicate threats to the entire organism, and as such, also stimulate …

The synthesis and secretion of cortisol are controlled by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal
axis. Cortisol exhibits a proper 24-h circadian rhythm that affects the brain, the autonomic …

874 Circulation September 1, 2015 references are intended to be illustrative and to highlight
significant knowledge in the field. The premise underlying this scientific statement is that, at …

The range of psychosocial stress factors/processes (eg, chronic stress, distress states,
coping, social adversity) were reviewed as they relate to immune variables in cancer along …

Classic theories of stress and health are largely based on assumptions regarding how
different psychosocial stressors influence biological processes that, in turn, affect human …

Two decades of research indicate causal associations between social relationships and
mortality, but important questions remain as to how social relationships affect health, when …

During the past two decades, the public health community's attention has been drawn
increasingly to the social determinants of health (SDH)—the factors apart from medical care …

Major life stressors, especially those involving interpersonal stress and social rejection, are
among the strongest proximal risk factors for depression. In this review, we propose a …