Among all the side effects, opioid-induced constipation (OIC) has the highest incidence rate
in people who take chronic opioid therapy. Increasing evidence shows that enteric glial cells …

Opioids are one of the most prescribed drug classes for treating acute pain. However,
chronic use is often associated with tolerance as well as debilitating side effects, including …

Peripheral selective μ opioid receptor (MOR) antagonists could alleviate the symptoms of
opioid-induced constipation (OIC) without compromising the analgesic effect of opioids …

Background: Opioid induced bowel dysfunction is the most common side effect of
preoperatively administrated morphine, fentanyl and its derivative. However, the influence of …

Abstract TRV130 (oliceridine), a G protein-biased ligand for μ-opioid receptor, has recently
been synthesized. It is considered to have strong antinociceptive effects and only minor …

A 6β-N-heterocyclic substituted naltrexamine derivative, NAP, was proposed as a peripheral
mu opioid receptor (MOR) selective antagonist based on the in vitro and in vivo …

An international double-blind randomized placebo controlled study evaluated the safety and
efficacy of four doses of a new sustained release naloxone capsule to treat Opioid Induced …

Low efficacy mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonists may serve as novel candidate analgesics
with improved safety relative to high-efficacy opioids. This study used a recently validated …

Endocytosis is a major mechanism through which cellular signaling by G protein-coupled
receptors (GPCRs) is terminated. However, recent studies demonstrate that GPCRs are …