Humans walk bipedally, and thus, it is unclear why they swing their arms. In this paper, we
will review the mechanisms and functions of arm swinging in human gait. First, we discuss …

Background Cerebral palsy (CP) is" a group of permanent disorders of the development of
movement and posture causing activity limitation (s) that are attributed to non‐progressive …

Paralympic medicine describes the health-care issues of those 4500 or so athletes who
gather every 4 years to compete in 20 sports at the Summer Paralympic Games and in five …

An interdisciplinary group of experienced botulinum toxin users and experts in the field of
movement disorders was assembled, to develop a consensus on best practice for the …

Most clinicians who perform botulinum toxin A injections for children with cerebral palsy do
so using the “free-hand” or manual technique without using radiologic or electrophysiologic …

The repeatability of both 3D kinematic measurements of arm movement during simple upper
limb tasks and lower limb movement during gait analysis was evaluated in 10 children with …

Botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) has been used for over 25 years in the management of
pediatric lower and upper limb hypertonia, with the first reports in 1993. The most common …

Botulinum Toxin A Injections in Children: Technique and Dosi... : American Journal of Physical
Medicine & Rehabilitation Botulinum Toxin A Injections in Children: Technique and Dosing …

Children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy often have marked hand involvement with
excessive thumb adduction and flexion and limited active wrist extension from infancy. Post …

OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this work was to assess the effect of botulinum toxin A and
occupational therapy compared with occupational therapy alone on body structure, activities …