Heart failure (HF) is considered as a severe health problem worldwide, while cardiac fibrosis
is one of the main driving factors for the progress of HF. Cardiac fibrosis was characterized …

Obesity (especially visceral adiposity) can be associated with 3 different phenotypes of heart
failure: heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction, heart failure with a preserved ejection …

Obesity is defined as excessive body fat accumulation, and worldwide obesity has nearly
tripled since 1975. Excess of free fatty acids (FFAs) and triglycerides in obese individuals …

Diabetes mellitus (DM) displays a high morbidity. The diabetic heart is susceptible to
myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Impaired activation of prosurvival pathways …

A growing amount of epidemiological data from multiple countries indicate an increased
prevalence of obesity, more importantly central obesity, among hospitalized subjects with …

Hypertensive cardiac remodeling is accompanied by molecular inflammation and fibrosis, 2
mechanisms that finally affect cardiac function. At cardiac level, aldosterone promotes …

Agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) can activate 5′
AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα) and exert cardioprotective effects. A previous …

Branched‐chain amino acids (BCAA: leucine, isoleucine and valine) are essential amino
acids implicated in glucose metabolism and maintenance of correct brain function. Elevated …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive impairment in clinical presentation,
and by β-amyloid (Aβ) production and the hyper-phosphorylation of tau in basic research …

Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, clinical research has
revealed a paradoxically protective role for obesity in patients with chronic diseases …