Considerable evidence suggests that dopamine in the core subregion of the nucleus
accumbens is not only involved in Pavlovian conditioning but also supports instrumental …

Ventral tegmental area (VTA) GABA neurons appear to be critical regulators of
mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) neurotransmission, which has been implicated in alcohol …

It has been suggested that accumbens dopamine (DA) is involved in the process of enabling
organisms to expend energy in various situations, including foraging, maze running, and …

Obesity has become a serious epidemic and one of the leading global health problems.
However, much of the current debate has been fractious, and etiologies of obesity have …

Neurotransmitter release in the nucleus accumbens core (NACore) during the acquisition of
remifentanil or cocaine reinforcement was determined in an operant runway procedure by …

Overindulgence in easily available energy-dense palatable foods is thought to be an
important factor in the current obesity epidemic but the underlying neural mechanisms are …

BACKGROUND: The analysis of licking microstructure provides measures, such as duration
and number of licking bouts, which might reveal the former an evaluation process and the …

Immune-system activity induces changes in animal behavior such as decreased food intake,
decreased exploratory behavior, increased sleep, and impaired cognitive functioning. These …

Rationale Motivation for food depends on several variables including food palatability, the
homeostatic state of the organism, and the nature of the behavior required to obtain the …

Neonatal handling in rats persistently alters behavioral parameters and responses to stress.
Such animals eat more sweet food in adult life, without alterations in lab chow ingestion …