The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) branches from glucose 6-phosphate (G6P),
produces NADPH and ribose 5-phosphate (R5P), and shunts carbons back to the glycolytic …

Ischemic heart disease still represents a large burden on individuals and health care
resources worldwide. By conventions, it is equated with atherosclerotic plaque due to flow …

Coronary microvascular endothelial dysfunction is both a culprit and a victim of diabetes,
and can accelerate diabetes-related microvascular and macrovascular complications by …

Salvia miltiorrhiza:(Danshen) is a significant (traditional Chinese medication) natural
remedy, enhancing blood circulation and clear blood stasis. In this view, it is widely used …

Endothelial dysfunction represents a key mechanism underlying heart failure with preserved
ejection fraction (HFpEF), diabetes mellitus (DM), and frailty. However, reliable biomarkers …

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death, which is characterized by iron overload and
lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis is distinct from apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and other …

Copper is an essential trace metal element that significantly affects human physiology and
pathology by regulating various important biological processes, including mitochondrial …

Background Endothelial cell (EC) injury accelerates the progression of diabetic
macrovascular complications. Hypoxia is an important cause of EC injury. Hypoxia-inducible …

Diabetes disrupts mitochondrial function and often results in diabetic cardiomyopathy
(DCM). Paeonol is a bioactive compound that has been reported to have pharmacological …

Diabetic patients are frequently affected by coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), a
condition consisting of a combination of altered vasomotion and long-term structural change …