The chemotactic cytokine fractalkine (FKN, chemokine CX3CL1) has unique properties
resulting from the combination of chemoattractants and adhesion molecules. The soluble …

Cancer is a profoundly dynamic, heterogeneous and aggressive systemic ailment, with a
coordinated evolution of various types of tumor niches. Hypoxia plays an indispensable role …

Sepsis is characterized by organ dysfunction resulting from a dysregulated inflammatory
response triggered by infection, involving multifactorial and intricate molecular mechanisms …

Acute myocardial infarction stands as a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality
worldwide 1–6. Clinical studies have demonstrated that the severity of cardiac injury …

The sensing of small molecules is important to a variety of fields and particularly to clinical
diagnostics. Estriol is an important small chemical molecule, as it is one of three markers …

Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. Researchers have
found that Cd exposure causes energy metabolic disorders in the heart decades ago …

Oxygen sensors enable cells to adapt to limited oxygen availability (hypoxia), affecting
various cellular and tissue responses. Prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain 1–3 (PHD1-3; also …

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a potent antioxidant and a cofactor for various enzymes
including histone demethylases and methylcytosine dioxygenases. Vitamin C also exerts …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an essential role in tumor cell survival by
profoundly influencing their proliferation, metastasis, immune evasion, and resistance to …

Background Tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) is a critical pathological feature of chronic renal
failure (CRF), with oxidative stress (OS) and hypoxic responses in renal proximal tubular …