Tumor immunotherapy has transformed neoplastic disease management, yet low response
rates and immune complications persist as major challenges. Extracellular vesicles …

Severe injuries or diseases affecting the peripheral and central nervous systems can result
in impaired organ function and permanent paralysis. Conventional interventions, such as …

Background Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-exo) have
been considered as a promising cell-free therapeutic strategy for ischemic heart disease …

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been identified as a noteworthy paracrine
mechanism of intercellular communication in diagnosing and managing neurological …

Although spinal cord injury (SCI) represents a primary etiology of disability, currently, there
are exist limited viable therapies modalities. Acquiring comprehension of the diverse …

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a common clinical problem and regenerating peripheral
nerve defects remain a significant challenge. Poly (polyol sebacate)(PPS) polymers are …

The cornea serves as an essential shield that protects the underlying eye from external
conditions, yet it remains highly vulnerable to injuries that could lead to blindness and …

During the process of peripheral nerve repair there involve many complexes pathological
and physiological changes including multi-cellular responses and various signaling …

The periosteum plays a vital role in repairing bone defects. Researchers have demonstrated
the existence of electrical potential in the periosteum and native bone, indicating that …

Berberine (BBR) has demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory effects by modulating
macrophage polarization. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms through which berberine …