Osteoarthritis (OA), the most prevalent chronic joint disease, increases in prevalence with
age, and affects majority of individuals over the age of 65 and is a leading musculoskeletal …

Further work on mediators and pathways that are common across different models and
occur in human osteoarthritis and that impact the osteoarthritis disease process at different …

Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease affecting a large population of
people. The mechanism of this highly prevalent disease is not fully understood. Currently …

Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most orthopedic condition. The pattern of gene
expression and the transcription factors that exert control of chondrogenesis have been …

Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation has a key role in the pathogenesis of
osteoarthritis (OA). Nitric oxide (NO) has been established as one of the major inflammatory …

Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common musculoskeletal disorder, is complex, multifaceted,
and characterized by degradation of articular cartilage and alterations in other joint tissues …

Human osteoarthritis is a systemic musculoskeletal disorder involving activation of innate
and adaptive immune systems accompanied by inflammation exemplified by the elevated …

Osteoarthritis is the most common degenerative musculoskeletal disease. In healthy
cartilage, a low turnover of extracellular matrix molecules occurs. Proper balance of anabolic …

Aging is a natural process characterized by the declining ability of the different organs and
tissues to respond to stress, increasing homeostatic imbalance and risk of disease …

Introduction 3. Overview of TGF-β signaling 3.1. TGF-β family 3.2. TGF-β synthesis and
activation of latent TGF-β 3.3. TGF-β receptors and signaling pathways 3.4. Regulation of …