Multiple sclerosis (MS) is universally found to be more prevalent in women than men. This
has led to extensive studies of differences in the immune system or nervous system between …

Persistent neuroinflammation is now recognized as a chief pathological component of
practically all neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation in the central nervous …

Background Numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders show sex differences in
incidence, age of onset, symptomatology or outcome. Astrocytes, one of the glial cell types of …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central
nervous system characterized by episodic and progressive neurologic dysfunction resulting …

Abstract T cells, especially CD4+ T helper (Th) cells, play a vital role in the pathogenesis of
specific autoimmune diseases. Naringenin, a citrus flavonoid, exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti …

Background Neurological conditions are highly prevalent and disabling, in particular in the
elderly. The Italian population has witnessed sharp ageing and we can thus expect a rising …

Although many neurological and psychiatric disorders reveal clear sex-dependent
variations, the molecular mechanism of this process is not clear enough. Astrocytes are …

Background Tibolone is a synthetic steroid used in clinical practice for the treatment of
climacteric symptoms and osteoporosis. Active metabolites of tibolone, generated in target …

Objectives It is now well recognized that brain damage and/or atrophy apparent on MRI is
only moderately correlated to cognitive functioning. The cognitive reserve (CR) hypothesis …

Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive disease of the central nervous system
affecting information processing speed, episodic memory, attention, and executive functions …