The endocytosis mechanism is a complicated system that is essential for cell signaling and
survival. Megalin, a membrane-associated endocytic receptor, and its related proteins such …

The effectiveness of a drug is dependent on accumulation at the site of action at therapeutic
levels, however, challenges such as rapid renal clearance, degradation or non-specific …

Proximal tubule protein uptake is mediated by 2 receptors, megalin and cubilin. These
receptors rescue a variety of filtered ligands, including biomarkers, essential vitamins, and …

In much of the world, currently employed upper limits of tolerable intake and acceptable
excretion of cadmium (Cd)(ECd/Ecr) are 0.83 µg/kg body weight/day and 5.24 µg/g …

There is currently an unmet need for better biomarkers across the spectrum of renal
diseases. In this paper, we revisit the role of beta-2 microglobulin (β2M) as a biomarker in …

Albumin has shown remarkable promise as a natural drug carrier by improving
pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of anticancer drugs for tumor-targeted delivery. The …

The application of nanotechnology in medicine has the potential to make a great impact on
human health, ranging from prevention to diagnosis and treatment of disease. The kidneys …

Idarucizumab, a monoclonal antibody fragment that binds dabigatran with high affinity, is in
development as a specific antidote for dabigatran. In this first-in-human, single-rising-dose …

Fibrosis is the common end point of chronic kidney disease. The persistent production of
inflammatory cytokines and growth factors leads to an ongoing process of extracellular …

Nephrotoxicity is a common adverse effect of the clinically used polymyxins, colistin and
polymyxin B. This adverse effect is dose limiting for both polymyxins, as the plasma …