Cancer vaccines aim to direct the immune system to eradicate cancer cells. Here we review
the essential immunologic concepts underpinning natural immunity and highlight the …

Infection susceptibility, poor vaccination efficacy, age-related disease onset, and neoplasms
are linked to innate and adaptive immune dysfunction that accompanies aging (known as …

Checkpoint blockade mediates a proliferative response of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T
lymphocytes (TILs). The origin of this response has remained elusive because chronic …

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in the regulation of the balance between CD8 T cell
immunity vs. tolerance to tumor antigens. Cross-priming, a process which DCs activate CD8 …

The failure of a massive influx of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes to eradicate tumor cells in
the tumor microenvironment is mainly due to the dysfunction of T cells hyporesponsive to …

Tumors can be divided into 'hot'(T cell inflamed) or 'cold'(T cell noninflamed) according to the
presence of immune cells. In this review, we discuss variables that influence T cell migration …

Gastric cancer (GC) represents the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide, with a
poor prognosis in patients with advanced disease despite many improvements in systemic …

In recent years, an increasingly more in depth understanding of tumor metabolism in
tumorigenesis, tumor growth, metastasis, and prognosis has been achieved. The broad …

Cancer treatment has been advanced with the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)
exemplified by anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), anti-programmed …

A range of emerging therapeutic approaches for the treatment of cancer aim to induce or
augment endogenous T cell responses. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy …