OBJECTIVE:: The study compared the endoscopic anatomy of the transnasal and transoral
approaches to the craniovertebral junction (CVJ). METHODS:: Structures examined and …

The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) has significantly evolved since its initial uses in
pituitary and sinonasal surgery. The literature is filled with reports and case series …

OBJECT The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) provides a minimally invasive corridor
through which the cervicomedullary junction can be decompressed with reduced morbidity …

Skull base surgery has been transformed by the development of endoscopic techniques.
Endoscopic procedures were first used for pituitary surgery and were then gradually …

Object In this study the authors share their experience using intraoperative spinal navigation
and imaging for endoscopic transnasal approaches to the odontoid in 5 patients undergoing …

OBJECTIVE Sporadic cases of endonasal intraaxial brainstem surgery have been reported
in the recent literature. The authors endeavored to assess the feasibility and limitations of …

BACKGROUND: The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) has developed as an
emerging surgical corridor to the craniovertebral junction (CVJ). In addition to understanding …

Background Endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy (EEO) has been described as a
potential approach for craniovertebral junction (CVJ) disease which could cause anterior …

Introduction Transoral odontoidectomy is the treatment of choice in cases of anterior bulbo-
medullary compression. The development of endoscopic procedures has made it possible to …

OBJECTIVE Treatment of odontoid disease from a ventral corridor has consisted of a
transoral approach. More recently, the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) has been …