Parenting behaviors and parent–infant emotional bonding during the early postpartum
months play a critical role in infant development. However, the nature and progression of …

This article is part of a Special Issue “Parental Care”. Becoming a parent is arguably the
most profound transforming experience in life. It is also inherently very emotionally and …

Motherhood in mammals involves tremendous changes throughout the body and central
nervous system, which support attention and nurturing of infants. Maternal care consists of …

The hormonal fluctuations in pregnancy drive a wide range of adaptive changes in the
maternal brain. These range from specific neurophysiological changes in the patterns of …

Paternal behaviour and pairbond formation are defining characteristics of social
monogamy. However, in comparison to pairbonding, the endocrine factors associated with …

Parental influences are important for a child's behavior, overall adjustment, as well as
cognitive/language development. New research is exploring how relationships with parents …

Infant cries are a critical survival mechanism that draw the attention of adult caregivers, who
can then satisfy the basic needs of otherwise helpless infants. Here, we used functional …

Maternal behavior can be triggered by auditory and olfactory cues originating from the
newborn. Here we report how the transition to motherhood affects excitatory and inhibitory …

All infants rely on parenting behaviors that provide what they need to be healthy. As
“compassion” can be defined as feelings that are elicited by perceiving someone else's …

This study evaluated prospective longitudinal relations among an index of poverty-related
cumulative risk, maternal salivary cortisol, child negative affect, and maternal sensitivity …