Accumulating evidence suggests that a high tumour burden has a negative effect on
anticancer immunity. The concept of tumour burden, simply defined as the total amount of …

Neutrophils play a key role in defence against infection and in the activation and regulation
of innate and adaptive immunity. In cancer, tumour-associated neutrophils (TANs) have …

Cancer immunotherapies, including adoptive T cell transfer, can be ineffective because
tumors evolve to display antigen-loss-variant clones. Therapies that activate multiple …

Abstract Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has demonstrated clinical benefit
for a wide range of cancer types. Because only a subset of patients experience clinical …

Resistance to anticancer therapies includes primary resistance, usually related to lack of
target dependency or presence of additional targets, and secondary resistance, mostly …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death protein 1, programmed death-
ligand 1, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 provide deep and durable …

Background Cancer immunotherapy has changed the standard of care for a subgroup of
patients with advanced disease. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in particular has shown …

Background Previous studies have suggested that elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio
(NLR) is prognostic for worse outcomes in patients with a variety of solid cancers, including …

Checkpoint receptor blockers, known to act by blocking the pathways that inhibit immune
cell activation and stimulate immune responses against tumor cells, have been immensely …

Introduction Systemic inflammation is associated with prognosis in solid tumors. The
neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a marker for the general immune response to various …