Tobacco smoking is a major determinant of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide.
More than a billion people smoke, and without major increases in cessation, at least half will …

The ability to make decisions and act quickly without hesitation can be advantageous in
many settings. However, when persistently expressed, impulsive decisions and actions are …

The emergence, development, and maintenance of gaming disorder (GD) is the result of an
interplay between gaming-related factors, individual factors, and environmental factors …

Dopamine is derived from an amino acid, phenylalanine, which must be obtained through
the diet. Dopamine, known primarily to be a neurotransmitter involved in almost any higher …

G protein-coupled dopamine receptors (D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5) mediate all of the
physiological functions of the catecholaminergic neurotransmitter dopamine, ranging from …

Dopaminergic (DA) signaling governs the control of complex behaviors, and its deregulation
has been implicated in a wide range of diseases. Here we demonstrate that inactivation of …

Physical challenges, emotional arousal, increased physical activity, or changes in the
environment can evoke stress, requiring altered activity of visceral organs, glands, and …

The Internet is now all-pervasive across much of the globe. While it has positive uses (eg
prompt access to information, rapid news dissemination), many individuals develop …

Prenatal adverse environments, such as maternal stress, toxicological exposures, and viral
infections, can disrupt normal brain development and contribute to neurodevelopmental …

Comfort eating, that is eating induced by negative affect, has been a core theme of
explanations for overeating and obesity. Psychobiological explanations and processes …