Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease of unknown etiology,
primarily affecting the joints, then extra-articular manifestations can occur. Due to its …

New treatment strategies have substantially changed the course of rheumatoid arthritis.
Many patients can achieve remission if the disease is recognised early and is treated …

Objective To develop a new evidence‐based, pharmacologic treatment guideline for
rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods We conducted systematic reviews to synthesize the …

Background Upadacitinib is an oral selective Janus kinase inhibitor to treat rheumatoid
arthritis. The efficacy and safety of upadacitinib as compared with abatacept, a T-cell …

CD28 and CTLA-4 are both important stimulatory receptors for the regulation of T cell
activation. Because receptors share common ligands, B7. 1 and B7. 2, the expression and …

Objectives To compare the efficacy and safety of innovator infliximab (INX) and CT-P13, an
INX biosimilar, in active rheumatoid arthritis patients with inadequate response to …

Introduction: Five anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents have received regulatory
approval for use in rheumatology: adalimumab, golimumab, infliximab, certolizumab, and …

Objectives To assess the efficacy and safety of switching from the infliximab reference
product (RP; Remicade) to its biosimilar CT-P13 (Remsima, Inflectra) or continuing CT-P13 …

Background Biologics are used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and many other
conditions. While the efficacy of biologics has been established, there is uncertainty …

Costimulatory molecules regulate the functional outcome of T cell activation, and
disturbance of the balance between activating and inhibitory signals results in increased …