Triple-negative (TNBC) is the most lethal subtype of breast cancer owing to high
heterogeneity, aggressive nature, and lack of treatment options. Chemotherapy remains the …

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is not a unique disease, encompassing multiple
entities with marked histopathological, transcriptomic and genomic heterogeneity. Despite …

Background The insulin-like growth factor family of ligands (IGF-I, IGF-II, and insulin),
receptors (IGF-IR, M6P/IGF-IIR, and insulin receptor [IR]), and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP-1 …

Elevated circulating insulin levels are frequently observed in the setting of obesity and early
type 2 diabetes, as a result of insensitivity of metabolic tissues to the effects of insulin. Higher …

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide, and both are
associated with an increased incidence and mortality from many cancers. The metabolic …

Purpose To evaluate teprotumumab safety/efficacy in patients with thyroid eye disease
(TED) who were nonresponsive or who experienced a disease flare. Design The Treatment …

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors have been used clinically in the
treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring sensitizing (or …

Insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs) are essential for growth and survival that suppress
apoptosis and promote cell cycle progression, angiogenesis, and metastatic activities in …

Purpose To describe the emergence of targeted therapies that have led to significant
breakthroughs in cancer therapy and completed or ongoing clinical trials of novel agents for …

Importance The development of oncology drugs is expensive and beset by a high attrition
rate. Analysis of the costs and causes of translational failure may help to reduce attrition and …