Population-based studies have been hampered in exploring hypothalamic–pituitary–
adrenal axis (HPA) activity as a potential explanatory link between stress-related and …

Saliva collection is non-invasive compared with phlebotomy, and, as a result, more
acceptable to patients. As obtaining saliva is easy, self-collection after instruction is possible …

Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) measurements are widely used
in the diagnosis of disorders of GH secretion, evaluation of children with short stature from …

Objective: Neuroendocrine abnormalities, such as activation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐
adrenal (HPA) axis, are associated with obesity; however, few large‐scale population …

GH is believed to be widely employed in sports as a performance-enhancing substance. Its
use in athletic competition is banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency, and athletes are …

Measuring the concentration of growth hormone (GH) in blood samples taken during
dynamic tests represents the basis for diagnosis of growth hormone related disorders …

Background The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of diurnal cortisol
rhythm in childhood obesity and its relationships with anthropometry, pubertal stage and …

Anxiety disorders are one of the most prevalent mood disorders that can lead to impaired
quality of life. Current treatment of anxiety disorders has various adverse effects, safety …

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), primarily synthesized in the liver, was initially discovered
due to its capacity to replicate the metabolic effects of insulin. Subsequently, it emerged as a …

Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) by and large involves a wide range of disorders,
including an impairment in GH secretion and/or a reduced impact of GH (table 1)[1]. It has …