Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD)
and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), increase as the population ages around the world …

Alcoholism is a serious public health concern that is characterized by the development of
tolerance to alcohol's effects, increased consumption, loss of control over drinking and the …

There is a clear and pressing need to expand pharmacotherapy options for substance use
disorders (SUDs) in order to improve sustained abstinence outcomes. Preclinical literature …

The plasma membrane transporters for the neurotransmitter glutamate belong to the solute
carrier 1 family. They are secondary active transporters, taking up glutamate into the cell …

Rationale Evidence suggests that glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) and cystine/glutamate
exchanger transporter (xCT) are critical in maintaining glutamate homeostasis. We have …

The gut microbiome modulates neurochemical function and behavior and has been
implicated in numerous central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including developmental …

Glutamate is a versatile molecule existing in both the central nervous system and peripheral
organs. Previous studies have mainly focussed on the biological effect of glutamate in the …

Alcohol and nicotine are the two most co-abused drugs in the world. Previous studies have
shown that nicotine can increase alcohol drinking in nondependent rats, yet it is unknown …

Increased glutamatergic neurotransmission appears to mediate the reinforcing properties of
drugs of abuse, including ethanol (EtOH). We have shown that administration of ceftriaxone …

Ethanol is a widely used drug, and excess or even moderate consumption of ethanol is
associated with changes in several neurotransmitter systems, including the cholinergic …