Modern health care has brought our society innumerable benefits but has also introduced
the experience of pain very early in life. For example, it is now routine care for newborns to …

There are many known risk factors for chronic pain conditions, yet the biological
underpinnings that link these factors to abnormal processing of painful signals are only just …

Pain in infancy influences pain reactivity in later life, but how and why this occurs is poorly
understood. Here we review the evidence for developmental plasticity of nociceptive …

Primary pain and touch sensory neurons not only detect internal and external sensory
stimuli, but also receive inputs from other neurons. However, the neuronal derived inputs for …

Background Heelstick is the most frequently performed skin-breaking procedure in the
neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). There are no large multicenter studies describing the …

For a long time, the capacity of the newborn infant to feel pain was denied. Today it is clear
that the nociceptive system, even if still immature, is functional enough in the newborn infant …

Pain is a necessary sensation that prevents further tissue damage, but can be debilitating
and detrimental in daily life under chronic conditions. Neuronal activity strongly regulates the …

A comprehensive assessment of pain extends beyond measuring the intensity of pain to
also include: site and radiation of pain; onset, aggravating and relieving factors; character of …

The rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) is a brainstem structure critical for the descending
pain modulation system involved in both pain facilitation and inhibition through its projection …

Background: Neonatal pain and injury can alter long-term sensory thresholds. Descending
rostroventral medulla (RVM) pathways can inhibit or facilitate spinal nociceptive processing …