Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), microbe-associated molecular patterns
(MAMPs), herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs), and damage-associated …

Glycomics aims to identify the structure and function of the glycome, the complete set of
oligosaccharides (glycans), produced in a given cell or organism, as well as to identify …

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs), Meloidogyne spp., are sedentary endoparasites that
negatively affect almost every crop in the world. Current management practices are not …

How horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has contributed to the evolution of animals and plants
remains a major puzzle. Despite recent progress, defining the overall scale and pattern of …

Background Proteins are essential macronutrients of the human diet. Currently, major
dietary sources in developed countries are of animal origin. However, the association of red …

Lectins are proteins with diverse molecular structures that share the ability to recognize and
bind specifically and reversibly to carbohydrate structures without changing the …

Efficient cellular delivery of biologically active molecules is one of the key factors that affect
the discovery and development of novel drugs. The plasma membrane is the first barrier that …

Sialic acids are cytoprotectors, mainly localized on the surface of cell membranes with
multiple and outstanding cell biological functions. The history of their structural analysis …

Host-pathogen interactions are fundamental to our understanding of infectious diseases.
Protein glycosylation is one kind of common post-translational modification, forming …

Growth, reproduction, and geographical distribution of plants are profoundly influenced by
their physiological ecology: the interaction with the surrounding physical, chemical, and …