Osteoarthritis is a common cause of disability worldwide. Although commonly referred to as
a disease of the joint cartilage, osteoarthritis affects all joint tissues equally. The …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a widespread chronic autoimmune disorder affecting the joints,
causing irreversible cartilage, synovium, and bone degradation. During the course of the …

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory enteropathy caused by gluten (protein from
wheat, rye and, barley) in genetically predisposed individuals carrying the HLA-DQ2/HLA …

Senescent T cells are proliferative disabled lymphocytes that lack antigen-specific
responses. The development of T-cell senescence in autoimmune diseases contributes to …

Summary Background Anti-MDA5 (Melanoma differentiation-associated protein-5) positive
dermatomyositis (MDA5+-DM) is characterised by rapidly progressive interstitial lung …

Avian has a unique immune system that evolved in response to environmental pressures in
all aspects of innate and adaptive immune responses, including localized and circulating …

Introduction In sarcoidosis, peripheral lymphopenia and anergy have been associated with
increased inflammation and maladaptive immune activity, likely promoting development of …

Interleukin (IL)-15 belongs to the common gamma-dependent cytokine family, along with IL-
2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-21. IL-15 is crucial for the homeostasis of Natural Killer (NK) and …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disorder, and numerous
aberrations of T cell responses have been reported and were implicated in its …

Introduction Large granular lymphocytic (LGL) leukemia is a rare lymphoproliferative
disorder characterized by an expansion of clonal T or NK lymphocytes. Neutropenia-related …