Exercise is considered an important component of effective chronic pain management and it
is well-established that long-term exercise training provides pain relief. In healthy, pain-free …

Chronic pain broadly encompasses both objectively defined conditions and idiopathic
conditions that lack physical findings. Despite variance in origin or pathogenesis, these …

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a heterogeneous disorder including patients with
dominant nociceptive (eg, myofascial low back pain), neuropathic (eg, lumbar …

The purpose of this study was to examine opioid and endocannabinoid mechanisms of
exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH). Fifty-eight men and women (mean age= 21 years) …

Movement is changed in pain. This presents across a spectrum from subtle changes in the
manner in which a task is completed to complete avoidance of a function and could be both …

Pain catastrophizing (PC), defined as an exaggerated negative cognitive-affective
orientation toward pain, is one of the strongest psychological predictors of pain outcomes …

Introduction: Given our improved understanding of the role of central sensitization (CS) in
many patients with chronic pain, it seems rational to account for CS during treatment. Areas …

Even though nociceptive pathology has often long subsided, the brain of patients with
chronic musculoskeletal pain has typically acquired a protective (movement-related) pain …

Pain sensitisation plays a major role in musculoskeletal pain. However, effective treatments
are limited, and although there is growing evidence that exercise may improve pain …

Background Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a painful and disabling condition
that usually manifests in response to trauma or surgery and is associated with significant …