Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a devastating condition that is reaching epidemic levels
owing to the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity, as well …

The conceptual evolution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) from being seen as
a simple metabolic cofactor to a pivotal cosubstrate for proteins regulating metabolism and …

The development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a highly prevalent
complication of diabetes mellitus, are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors …

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by the accumulation of fat in more
than 5% of hepatocytes in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption and other …

Claudins are cell–cell adhesion molecules located at the tight junctions (TJs) between cells
in epithelial cell sheets. The claudin family in mammals consists of 27 four-transmembrane …

The mammalian kidney relies on abundant mitochondria in the renal tubule to generate
sufficient ATP to provide the energy required for constant reclamation of solutes from crude …

Recent advances have led to a greater appreciation of how mitochondrial dysfunction
contributes to diverse acute and chronic pathologies. Indeed, mitochondria have received …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a devastating microvascular complication associated with
diabetes mellitus. Recently, the major focus of glomerular lesions of DKD has partly shifted …

Abstract Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are beneficial in halting diabetic
kidney disease; however, the complete mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. The …

The incidence of diabetes and its associated micro-and macrovascular complications is
greatly increasing worldwide. The most prevalent vascular complications of both type 1 and …