Emerging viral diseases are a major threat to global health, and nearly two-thirds of
emerging human infectious diseases are zoonotic. Most of the human epidemics and …

Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs), originating from the
A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 H5 subtype, naturally circulate in wild-bird populations …

Mallard ducks are important natural hosts of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses
and many strains circulate in this reservoir and cause little harm. Some strains can be …

Signal transducer and activators of transcription‐3 (STAT3) regulates diverse biological
functions including cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. In addition, STAT3 plays a key …

The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) is an intricate
signaling cascade composed of various cytokines, interferons (IFN, growth factors, and other …

Background Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a threat to poultry production worldwide. A
better understanding of mechanisms of resistance and susceptibility to this virus will improve …

Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling
pathway is activated by myriad cytokines, which are involved in regulation of cell growth …

Normally, the host immunological response to viral infection is coordinated to restore
homeostasis and protect the individual from possible tissue damage. The two major …

To establish a characteristic host response to predict the pathogenicity and tissue tropism of
infectious bronchitis viruses (IBV), we investigated innate immune responses (IIR) and …

Biosecurity measures are the first line of defense against highly pathogenic avian influenza
(HPAI) on farms. It is generally recognized that an individual's behavior can be influenced by …