The complement cascade comprises soluble and cell surface proteins and is an important
arm of the innate immune system. Once activated, the complement system rapidly generates …

The pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the onset and the post-transplant recurrence of
primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) are complex and remain yet to be fully …

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome often responds to immunosuppressive treatment.
Nevertheless, this syndrome—and the drugs used to treat it—remain important causes of …

Minimal change disease (MCD) is the most common type of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome
in childhood and represents about 15% cases in adults. It is characterized by massive …

Despite clinical use of immunosuppressive agents, the immunopathogenesis of minimal
change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) remains unclear …

Uncontrolled complement activation can cause or contribute to glomerular injury in multiple
kidney diseases. While complement activation plays a causal role in atypical hemolytic …

Introduction Minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
(FSGS) are related podocytopathies with distinct kidney outcomes. Surprisingly, elevated …

B cell–targeted therapies are effective for treating multiple different kidney diseases in
humans and also protect mice from Adriamycin nephropathy. Because glomerular IgM is …

The glomerular filtration barrier, comprising the inner layer of capillary fenestrated
endothelial cells, outermost podocytes, and the glomerular basement membrane between …

The nephrotic syndrome holds significant clinical importance and is characterized by a
substantial protein loss in the urine. Damage to the glomerular basement membrane or …