Shigella flexneri possesses multiple iron acquisition systems, including proteins involved in
the synthesis and uptake of siderophores and the Feo system for ferrous iron utilization. We …

Background SoxR and SoxS constitute an intracellular signal response system that rapidly
detects changes in superoxide levels and modulates gene expression in E. coli. A time …

Intracellular iron homeostasis in bacteria is primarily regulated by ferric uptake regulator
(Fur). It has been postulated that when intracellular free iron content is elevated, Fur binds …

Leptospirosis, an emerging zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution, is caused by
spirochetes belonging to the genus Leptospira. More than 500,000 cases of severe …

Type VI secretion systems (T6SS) are macromolecular machines of the cell envelope of
Gram-negative bacteria responsible for bacterial killing and/or virulence towards different …

Public goods cooperation abounds in nature, occurring in organisms ranging from bacteria
to humans. Although previous research focused on the behavioral and ecological conditions …

New antibiotics are needed as bacterial infections continue to be a leading cause of death,
but efforts to develop compounds with promising antibacterial activity are hindered by a poor …

Enteric Campylobacter species cause gastrointestinal diseases in humans. Like almost all
organisms, campylobacters have an absolute requirement for iron, but are faced with …

This study was designed to determine the plant growth promoting (PGP) potential of
members of the genus Frankia. To this end, the genomes of 21 representative strains were …

Iron is an essential element for almost all living organisms, but can be extremely toxic in high
concentrations. All organisms must therefore employ homeostatic mechanisms to finely …