Radiotherapy is a major modality used to combat a wide range of cancers. Classical
radiobiology principles categorize ionizing radiation (IR) as a direct cytocidal therapeutic …

Mammalian DNA topoisomerases II are targets of anticancer anthracyclines that act by
stabilizing enzyme-DNA complexes wherein DNA strands are cut and covalently linked to …

Background: Previously we identified a DNA damage response–deficient (DDRD) molecular
subtype within breast cancer. A 44-gene assay identifying this subtype was validated as …

PD-L1, frequently expressed in human cancers, engages with PD-1 on immune cells and
contributes to cancer immune evasion. As such, antibodies blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 …

The discovery of cancer immune surveillance and immunotherapy has opened up a new era
of cancer treatment. Immunotherapies modulate a patient's immune system to specifically …

Induction of the antiviral innate immune response depends on recognition of viral
components by host pattern-recognition receptors. Members of the Toll-like receptor family …

The interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family, consisting of nine members in mammals, was
identified in the late 1980s in the context of research into the type I interferon system …

Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) constitute a family of transcription factors that commonly
possess a novel helix-turn-helix DNA-binding motif. Following the initial identification of two …

Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) derived from pathogen-or host-damaged cells triggers
innate immune responses when exposed to cytoplasm. However, the machinery underlying …

Extensive research in the past decade has identified innate immune recognition receptors
and intracellular signaling pathways that culminate in inflammatory responses. Besides its …