Islets of Langerhans are multicellular microorgans located in the pancreas that play a central
role in whole-body energy homeostasis. Through secretion of insulin and other hormones …

Neural circuits and the cells that comprise them represent the functional units of the brain.
Circuits relay and process sensory information, maintain homeostasis, drive behaviors, and …

Developmental patterning is essential for regulating cellular events such as axial patterning,
segmentation, tissue formation, and organ size determination during embryogenesis …

Membrane potential is a fundamental property of biological cells. Changes in membrane
potential characterize a vast number of vital biological processes, such as the activity of …

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are a promising approach to study
neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. Most methods to record the activity of these …

The cerebellar cortex microcircuit is characterized by a highly ordered neuronal architecture
having a relatively simple and stereotyped connectivity pattern. For a long time, this …

Neurons generate various spike patterns to execute different functions. Understanding how
these physiological neuronal spike patterns are related to their molecular characteristics is a …

This book covers the recently developed understanding of Electro-Mechano-Biology (EMB)
in which the focus is primarily on the couplings between the electric and mechanical fields …

Optical imaging of changes in the membrane potential of living cells can be achieved by
means of fluorescent voltage-sensitive dyes (VSDs). A particularly challenging task is to …

This chapter is an authoritative and extensive review on the use of organic dyes in the new
and exciting field of optogenetics. The authors begin by outlining the essence of …