Perimenopause is an important stage of female senescence. Epidemiological investigation
has shown that the incidence of cardiovascular disease in premenopausal women is lower …

The teleology of sex differences has been argued since at least as early as Aristotle's
controversial Generation of Animals more than 300 years BC, which reflects the sex bias of …

Background: Unlike heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, there is no approved
treatment for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, the predominant phenotype in …

Menopause is associated with an increased prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome,
cardiovascular diseases, and osteoporosis. These diseases and unfavorable laboratory …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a worldwide public health concern despite decades
of research and the availability of numerous targeted therapies. While the intrinsic …

Many drugs are responsible, through different mechanisms, for peripheral oedema. Severity
is highly variable, ranging from slight oedema of the lower limbs to anasarca pictures as in …

A large body of scientific research accumulated over the past twenty years documents the
cardiovascular (CV) benefits of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) in reproductive aged …

In modern society, cardiovascular disease remains the biggest single threat to life, being
responsible for approximately one third of worldwide deaths. Male prevalence is significantly …

Heart failure (HF) represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. However, HF trials
highlighted many differences between men and women with HF. Thus, women represent …

Background Premature and early menopause are independently associated with greater
risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, mechanisms linking age of menopause with …