Bacteria, similar to most organisms, have a love–hate relationship with metals: a specific
metal may be essential for survival yet toxic in certain forms and concentrations. Metal ions …

Iron is an essential trace element for most organisms. A common way for bacteria to acquire
this nutrient is through the secretion of siderophores, which are secondary metabolites that …

The defining trait of obligate anaerobes is that oxygen blocks their growth, yet the underlying
mechanisms are unclear. A popular hypothesis was that these microorganisms failed to …

Discovered in 1883, laccase is one of the first enzymes ever described. Now, after almost
140 years of research, it seems that this copper-containing protein with a number of unique …

Over the past decade, the gut microbiota has emerged as a key component in regulating
brain processes and behavior. Diet is one of the major factors involved in shaping the gut …

Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) are facultative pathogens that are part of the
normal human intestinal flora. The ExPEC group includes uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) …

The gut microbiome plays important roles in the maintenance of host health and the
pathogenesis of many diseases. Diet is a key modulator of the gut microbiome. There is …

This review presents the comprehensive knowledge about the bidirectional relationship
between polyphenols and the gut microbiome. The first part is related to polyphenols' …

The use of metal oxide nanoparticles is one of the promising ways for overcoming antibiotic
resistance in bacteria. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have found wide applications in …

Plant pathogenic bacteria cause high crop and economic losses to human societies,–.
Infections by such pathogens are challenging to control as they often arise through complex …