It is widely accepted that human brain development has unique features that cannot be
represented by rodents. Obvious reasons are the evolutionary distance and divergent …

Much progress has been made in establishing strategies for differentiation of induced
human pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). However, differentiated hiPSCs are not yet routinely …

Large-scale microarray studies on post-mortem brain tissues have been utilized to
investigate the complex molecular pathology of bipolar disorder. However, a major …

The nervous system has a highly complex organization, including many cell types with
multiple functions, with an intricate anatomy and unique structural and functional …

The first in vitro tests for developmental toxicity made use of rodent cells. Newer teratology
tests, eg developed during the ESNATS project, use human cells and measure mechanistic …

In recent years, protocols have been established to differentiate stem and precursor cells
into more mature cell types. However, progress in this field has been hampered by …

Measuring electrical activity of neural networks by microelectrode array (MEA) has recently
shown promise for screening level assessments of chemical toxicity on network …

Many toxicological test methods, including assays of cell viability and function, require an
evaluation of concentration-response data. This often involves curve fitting, and the resulting …

Transcriptomics is developing into an invaluable tool in toxicology. The aim of this study
was, using a transcriptomics approach, to identify genes that respond similar to many …

Thousands of transcriptome data sets are available, but approaches for their use in dynamic
cell response modelling are few, especially for processes affected simultaneously by two …