The insulin granule was previously thought of as merely a container, but accumulating
evidence suggests that it also acts as a signaling node. Regulatory pathways intersect at but …

Experiments using recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing rat proinsulin I coinfected into
COS-7 cells with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing human furin, human PC2, mouse …

Pancreatic β-cells are prone to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress due to their role in insulin
secretion. They require sustainable and efficient adaptive stress responses to cope with this …

The proprotein convertases (PCs) are secretory mammalian serine proteinases related to
bacterial subtilisin-like enzymes. The family of PCs comprises nine members, PC1/3, PC2 …

PC2 and furin are two recently identified members of a class of mammalian proteins
homologous to the yeast precursor processing protease kex2 and the bacterial subtillisins …

The human fur gene encodes a protein, designated furin, the C-terminal half of which
contains a transmembrane and a cysteine-rich receptor-like domain. The N-terminal half of …

Beta cells of the pancreatic islet express many different types of ion channels. These
channels reside in the β-cell plasma membrane as well as subcellular organelles and their …

Using a 796-basepair cDNA fragment obtained from a mouse pituitary library we have
screened two mouse insulinoma libraries and isolated a full-length cDNA clone (2516 …

PROTEIN SECRETORY PATHWAYS: A GENERAL OUTLINE Leader and leaderless
secretory proteins Most secretory proteins are synthesized as precursors carrying a leader …

The first diabetic patient was treated with insulin in January 1922, revolutionizing the
treatment of diabetes mellitus. The discovery and purification of insulin was the result of the …