Viruses are the most abundant and the most diverse life form. In this meta-analysis we
estimate that there are 4.80× 1031 phages on Earth. Further, 97% of viruses are in soil and …

Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are viruses that infect bacteria. Until recently they
have been ignored by most of the scientific community, but their impact upon our world is …

Viruses, and more particularly phages (viruses that infect bacteria), represent one of the
most abundant living entities in aquatic and terrestrial environments. The biogeography of …

The persistent inertia in the ability to culture environmentally abundant microbes from
aquatic ecosystems represents an obstacle in disentangling the complex web of ecological …

Prophage typically are induced to a lytic cycle under stressful environmental conditions or
when the host's survival is threatened. However, stress-independent, spontaneous induction …

Bacterially derived exotoxins kill eukaryotic cells by inactivating factors and/or pathways that
are universally conserved among eukaryotic organisms. The genes that encode these …

It is probable that nearly every natural product structure results from interactions between
organisms. Symbiosis, a subset of inter-organism interactions involving closely associated …

In this review, we highlight recent work that has increased our understanding of the
production and distribution of Shiga toxin in the environment. Specifically, we review studies …

Bacteria produce several virulence factors and cause massive mortality in fish and
crustaceans. Abundant quorum sensing (QS) signals and high cell density are essentially …

Predictive models, based on environmental and water quality variables, have been used to
improve the timeliness and accuracy of recreational water quality assessments, but their …