In aquatic microbial systems, high-magnitude variations in abundance, such as sudden
blooms alternating with comparatively long periods of very low abundance (“apparent …

Real-time, or quantitative PCR, is a valuable technique useful in bacteriophage research to
quantify the abundance of phage or host gene transcripts. It can be used during the infection …

The phage taxonomy is primarily based on the morphology derived from Transmission
Electron Microscopic (TEM) studies. TEM based characterization is authentic and accepted …

Viruses are the most abundant biological entity on Earth (Suttle, 2005). In the ocean, their
concentration is estimated of~ 107 virus-like particles (VLP) per milliliter of surface seawater …

Shiga toxin (Stx) is encoded by temperate bacteriophages. Stx is only produced and
released by bacteria during phage lytic growth. Phage-encoded Stx released by E. coli kills …

Viruses are the most abundant biological entities in the ocean and are believed to contribute
to nutrient cycling, bacterial diversity, and horizontal gene exchange. However, little is …

Despite their small size, viruses have an enormous influence on microbial population
dynamics, due to lysis and horizontal gene transfer. Due the high abundance of their hosts …

In this day of search engines—and increasing expectation by students, the public, and
academics alike for finding answers to questions online—an effective, dynamic, and …

Abstract Shiga toxin (Stx)-encoding Escherichia coli (STEC)[1] are a type of pathogenic E.
coli that cause human disease with symptoms such as severe stomach cramps, diarrhea …

New sources of data, such as next generation sequencing (NGS) of pathogen genomes,
electronic medical records (EMR), and omics assays like RNA-seq and mass cytometry, are …