Background Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a surgical intervention used to treat persistent
low back pain. SCS is thought to modulate pain by sending electrical signals via implanted …

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes that is becoming an
increasing concern as the prevalence of diabetes rapidly rises. There are several types of …

Importance The use of spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain after lumbar spine surgery is
increasing, yet rigorous evidence of its efficacy is lacking. Objective To investigate the …

Like other models or explanations for health conditions, 14 the biopsychosocial model of
pain has provided a framework for the assessment and management pain and associated …

Background Treatment response to spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is focused on the
magnitude of effects on pain intensity. However, chronic pain is a multidimensional condition …

Importance Spinal cord stimulators (SCSs) are increasingly used for the treatment of chronic
pain. There is a need for studies with long-term follow-up. Objective To determine the …

Distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (DSPN) is a serious complication of diabetes associated
with significant disability and mortality. Although more than 50% of people with diabetes …

Despite the well-known efficacy of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in chronic pain
management, patient selection in clinical practice remains challenging. The aim of this …

Introduction The evidence for spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been criticized for the
absence of blinded, parallel randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and limited evaluations of …

Pain from nervous or musculoskeletal disorders is one of the most common complaints in
clinical practice. Corticosteroids have a high pain-reducing effect, and their injection is …