The specific events between initial presumably manageable drug intake and the
development of a drug‐addicted state are not yet known. Drugs of abuse have varying …

Adenosine influences neurotransmitter release, neuronal excitability, and firing rate, through
A1-adenosine receptors (A1-R). Caffeine and related methylxanthines are adenosine …

Variations in the human FTO gene have been linked to obesity and altered connectivity of
the dopaminergic neurocircuitry. Here, we report that fat mass and obesity-associated …

Adenosine, by activating adenosine A2A receptors, seems to have a crucial function in
regulating the activation of multiple receptors that affect neurotransmitter release and/or …

Adenosine A2A receptors present in the central nervous system have been implicated in the
modulation of motor functions. Accordingly, adenosine A2A receptor antagonists currently …

Dopamine and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein Mr 32,000 (DARPP-32), also known as
phosphoprotein phosphatase-1 regulatory subunit 1B (PPP1R1B), was initially discovered …

The striatopallidal (STP) and striatonigral (STN) neurons constitute the main neuronal
populations of the striatum. Despite the increasing knowledge concerning their involvement …

Dopamine D2 receptors (Rs) and adenosine A2ARs are coexpressed on striatopallidal
neurons, where they mediate opposing actions. In agreement with the idea that D2Rs …

Abstract Adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) antagonism attenuates 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1, 2, 3,
6‐tetrahydropyridine‐induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration and quinolinic acid …

The vast majority of striatal neurons are GABAergic medium-sized spiny neurons. These
cells receive glutamatergic input from the cortex, thalamus and limbic areas and …