Mitochondrial function is required to meet the energetic and metabolic requirements of the
brain. Abnormalities in mitochondrial function, due to genetic or developmental factors …

Dementia affects millions of elderly worldwide causing remarkable costs to society, but
effective treatment is still lacking. Acupuncture is one of the complementary therapies that …

Glioblastoma (GB) originating from astrocytes is considered a grade IV astrocytoma tumor
with severe consequences. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) offers a major obstacle in drug …

Stem cell therapy efficiently targets the brain for most neurological disorders like migraine,
Parkinsonism, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and brain injury. The major obstacles in …

Microglial cells serve as molecular sensors of the brain that play a role in physiological and
pathological conditions. Under normal physiology, microglia are primarily responsible for …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder that
significantly affects cognitive functions in a way that causes loss of memory, thinking, and …

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complicated, interpersonally defined, static condition of
the underdeveloped brain. Although the aetiology of autism remains unclear, disturbance of …

Neuropathic pain (NP) remains maltreated for a wide number of patients by the currently
available treatments and little research has been done in finding new drugs for treating NP …

Neurodegeneration, the slow and progressive dysfunction and loss of neurons and axons in
the central nervous system, is the primary pathological feature of acute and chronic …

Neuroinflammation is a major contributor to the pathogenesis and progression of
neurodegenerative diseases. Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the central …