Rationale: Increased bacterial concentration (load) in the lower airways and new bacterial
strain acquisition have been posited as mechanisms for chronic obstructive pulmonary …

Microorganisms, particularly bacteria, are frequently found in the lower airways of COPD
patients, both in stable state and during exacerbations. The host–pathogen relationship in …

The wide diversity of microbiota at the genera and species levels across sites and
individuals is related to various causes and the observed differences between individuals …

Smokers with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have a chronic inflammation of
the entire tracheobronchial tree characterized by an increased number of macrophages and …

Poor oral health has long been recognized as a clinical risk factor for developing lung
infections. Recent data using culture-independent techniques assessing the microbiome in …

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is increasingly recognized as an important
pathogen in adults with cardiopulmonary disease. It has been associated with acute …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex, heterogeneous collection of
conditions characterized by irreversible expiratory airflow limitation. The disease involves a …

Background. Alveolar macrophages in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have
fundamental impairment of phagocytosis for nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) …

Risk factors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) isolation in patients hospitalised for chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation remain controversial. The aim of our …

Background: Smoking increases the susceptibility to pulmonary infection and is a risk factor
for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is postulated that …