Modern societies are experiencing an increasing trend of reduced sleep duration, with
nocturnal sleeping time below the recommended ranges for health. Epidemiological and …

Sleep-immune interactions are well-known phenomena in everyday life and folk wisdom.
There is no doubt that an infection makes us tired and increases the desire to sleep, and a …

Ambient temperatures are rising worldwide, with the greatest increases recorded at night.
Concurrently, the prevalence of insufficient sleep is rising in many populations. Yet it …

Humans, like all mammals, partition their daily behaviour into activity (wakefulness) and rest
(sleep) phases that differ largely in their metabolic requirements. The circadian clock …

Sleep is highly conserved across evolution, suggesting vital biological functions that are yet
to be fully understood. Animals and humans experiencing partial sleep restriction usually …

Brain activity during sleep is characterized by circuit-specific oscillations, including slow
waves, spindles and theta waves, which are nested in thalamocortical or hippocampal …

Various lifestyle and environmental factors are known to influence sleep. Increasingly,
evidence points to a role for the microbiota in regulating brain and behaviour. This article …

Weight gain, obesity and diabetes have reached alarming levels in the developed world.
Traditional risk factors such as over‐eating, poor nutritional choices and lack of exercise …

For many decades, sleep researchers have sought to determine which species 'have'rapid
eye movement (REM) sleep. In doing so, they relied predominantly on a template derived …

Many birds fly non-stop for days or longer, but do they sleep in flight and if so, how? It is
commonly assumed that flying birds maintain environmental awareness and aerodynamic …