Angiogenesis is a crucial process for tissue development, repair, and tumor survival.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key driver secreted by cancer cells …

Background Recently, therapeutic antibodies against programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and
its ligand (PD-L1) have exerted potent anticancer effect in a variety of tumors. However …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a largely incurable disease and an emerging
problem in aging societies. It occurs in two forms, dry and wet (exudative, neovascular) …

Nanobodies (Nbs) are single domain antibody fragments derived from heavy-chain
antibodies found in members of the Camelidae family. They have become a relevant class of …

The use of VEGFR-2 inhibitors as a stand-alone treatment has proven to be ineffective in
clinical trials due to the robustness of cellular response loops that lead to treatment …

Abstract Background Endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes (PCs) are crucial components of
the vascular system, with ECs lining the inner layer of blood vessels and PCs surrounding …

Cancer, with its diversity, heterogeneity, and complexity, is a significant contributor to global
morbidity, disability, and mortality, highlighting the necessity for transformative treatment …

Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors
(VEGFR) and their downstream signaling pathways are promising targets in anti-angiogenic …

ABSTRACT “A journey of mixed emotions” is a quote that best describes the progress chart
of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors as cancer therapeutics in …

Angiogenic growth factors (AGFs) are a class of secreted cytokines related to angiogenesis
that mainly include vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), stromal-derived factor-1 …