When populations experience suboptimal conditions, the mechanisms involved in the
regulation of phenotypic variation can be challenged, resulting in increased phenotypic …

We explored the ontogenetic dynamics of the morphological and allometric disparity in the
cranium shapes of twelve lacertid lizard species. The analysed species (Darevskia praticola …

Understanding how phenotypic diversity evolves is a major interest of evolutionary biology.
Habitat use is an important factor in the evolution of phenotypic diversity of many animal …

Phenotypic integration and modularity are concepts that represent the pattern of connectivity
of morphological structures within an organism. Integration describes the coordinated …

Phenotypictraits have been shown to evolve in response to variation in the environment.
However, the evolutionary processes underlying the emergence of phenotypic diversity can …

Background Understanding how phenotypic variation scales from individuals, through
populations, up to species, and how it relates to genetic and environmental factors, is …

Background Skulls serve many functions and as a result, are subject to many different
evolutionary pressures. In squamates, many fossorial species occupy a unique region of …

Different factors and processes that produce phenotypic variation at the individual,
population, or interspecific level can influence or alter the covariance structure among …

We explored individual variation and asymmetry in the skull shape of the common wall lizard
(Podarcis muralis Laurenti, 1768) across four populations representing different habitats, by …

Phenotypic evolution can cause either divergent or convergent phenotypic patterns. Even
adaptation to the same environment may result in divergence of some elements of …