Galanin was first identified 30 years ago as a" classic neuropeptide," with actions primarily
as a modulator of neurotransmission in the brain and peripheral nervous system. Other …

The rapid increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity is becoming an important
health problem. Overweight and obesity may cause several metabolic complications …

Carvacrol (2-methyl-5-isopropylphenol) is a monoterpene phenolic constituent of the
essential oil produced by numerous aromatic plants and spices. The main objective of this …

Objective Leptin modulates food reward via central leptin receptor (LepRb) expressing
neurons. Food reward requires stimulation of midbrain dopamine neurons and is modulated …

Overweight and obesity may cause several metabolic complications, including type 2
diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia. Despite years of progress in medicine, there are no …

Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a compound found in high concentrations in Brassica family
vegetables, including broccoli, cauliflower and cabbage, and is regarded as a promising …

In this chapter, we review the effects of global null mutant and overexpressing transgenic
mouse lines on voluntary self-administration of alcohol. We examine approximately 200 …

The hypothalamus is now known to regulate alcohol intake in addition to its established role
in food intake, in part through neuromodulatory neurochemicals termed neuropeptides …

Decades of research confirm that noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) neurons are essential
for arousal, attention, motivation, and stress responses. While most studies on LC …

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as abdominal central obesity, atherogenic
dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and hypertension. The rapid increasing …