Vascular calcification (VC) is highly prevalent in aging, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney
disease (CKD). VC is a strong predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the CKD …

The pathophysiology of vascular disease is linked to accelerated biological aging and a
combination of genetic, lifestyle, biological, and environmental risk factors. Within the …

Background Disorders of mineral metabolism, including secondary hyperparathyroidism, are
thought to contribute to extraskeletal (including vascular) calcification among patients with …

Calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stones are formed attached to Randall's plaques (RPs) or
Randall's plugs. Mechanisms involved in the formation and growth are poorly understood. It …

Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are known as biological messengers; they play
an important role in human organism and contribute to many physiological and …

The natriuretic peptide (NP) system is an important endocrine, autocrine and paracrine
system, consisting of a family of peptides which provide cardiac, renal and vascular effects …

Kidney stones develop attached to sub-epithelial plaques of calcium phosphate (CaP)
crystals (termed Randall's plaque) and/or form as a result of occlusion of the openings of the …

Vascular calcification (VC) is a life-threatening state in chronic kidney disease (CKD). High
cardiovascular mortality and morbidity of CKD cases may root from medial VC promoted by …

Ginseng is known to possess anti-aging potential. Klotho mutant mice exhibit phenotypes
that resemble the phenotype of the human aging process. Similar to Klotho deficient mice …

There are two basic pathways for formation of calcium based kidney stones. Most idiopathic
calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones are formed in association with sub-epithelial plaques of …