Cancer progression is primarily caused by interactions between transformed cells and the
components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). TAMs (tumor-associated macrophages) …

Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in women of Western countries and is
the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The breast tumor microenvironment contains …

Clinical and experimental evidence has shown that tumor-associated macrophages promote
cancer initiation and progression. However, the macrophage-derived molecular …

Macrophages are widely distributed innate immune cells that play indispensable roles in the
innate and adaptive immune response to pathogens and in‐tissue homeostasis …

Metastasis resistant to therapy is the major cause of death from cancer. Despite almost 200
years of study, the process of tumor metastasis remains controversial. Stephen Paget initially …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is an intricate system within solid neoplasms. In this
review, we aim to provide an updated insight into the TME with a focus on the effects of …

TAM and other myeloid-derived tumor infiltrating cells are reviewed as pivotal players in the
tumor microenvironment; implications to anti-cancer therapy are described. The …

Macrophages are prominent in the stromal compartment of virtually all types of malignancy.
These highly versatile cells respond to the presence of stimuli in different parts of tumors …

Tumor cell metastasis is facilitated by" premetastatic niches" formed in destination organs by
invading bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs). Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is critical for …

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays important roles in diverse
cellular events such as cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and death. As a pro …