Neurons are specialized cells with a complex morphology that represent the functional unit
of the nervous system. They are generated in remarkable numbers, particularly in higher …

Over a half a century of research has confirmed that neurotrophic factors promote the
survival and process outgrowth of isolated neurons in vitro. The mechanisms by which …

THE paired helical filament (PHF) is the major component of the neurofibrillary deposits that
form a defining neuropathological characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (reviewed in refs 1 …

Neurotrophic factors are a family of growth factors that modulate cellular growth, survival,
and differentiation. For many decades, it has been generally believed that a lack of …

THE mechanisms by which mitogenic G-protein-coupled receptors activate the MAP kinase
signalling pathway are poorly understood. Candidate protein tyrosine kinases that link G …

The phosphotyrosine interaction (PI) domains (also known as the PTB, or phosphotyrosine
binding, domains) of Shc and IRS-1 are recently described domains that bind peptides …

Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) activation leads to receptor autophosphorylation
and increased tyrosine phosphorylation of several intracellular proteins. We have previously …

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are single-pass transmembrane receptors that possess
intrinsic cytoplasmic enzymatic activity, catalyzing the transfer of the γ-phosphate of ATP to …

Gab1 is a substrate of the receptor tyrosine kinase c-Met and involved in c-Met–specific
branching morphogenesis. It associates directly with c-Met via the c-Met–binding domain …

E2 rapidly activates MAPK in breast cancer cells, and the mechanism for this effect has not
been fully identified. Since growth factor-induced MAPK activation involves signaling via the …