Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder featuring both motor and
nonmotor symptoms associated with a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the …

Abstract Resveratrol (3, 4', 5-trihydroxystilbene; C 14 H 12 O 3) is a polyphenolic phytoalexin
found in grapes, berries, peanuts, and wines. Resveratrol has been viewed as an …

Organisms are constantly exposed to a broad range of pathological and stress-inducing
agents, allergens and environmental chemicals that can induce infections, toxicity or other …

Hundreds of millions of people around the world suffer from neurological disorders or have
experienced them intermittently, which has significantly reduced their quality of life. The …

Carnosic acid is a diterpenoid abundantly present in plants belonging to the genus
Rosmarinus and Salvia of the family Lamiaceae, accounting for their application in …

Oxidative stress is closely associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases. Orientin
(Ori), a flavonoid component isolated from natural plants, possesses antioxidant activity …

It is necessary to explore potent therapeutic agents via regulating gut microbiota and
metabolism to combat Parkinson's disease (PD). Dioscin, a bioactive steroidal saponin …

Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN), one of the most serious complications of diabetes,
is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality of end-stage renal disease. Our previous …

The mitochondria are the major source of reactive species in the mammalian cells.
Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) is a potent inducer of redox impairment by a mechanism, at …

Carnosic acid (CA) is a phenolic diterpene obtained from Rosmarinus officinalis L. and has
demonstrated cytoprotective properties in several experimental models. CA exerts …