Swarms, which stem from collective behaviors among individual elements, are commonly
seen in nature. Since two decades ago, scientists have been attempting to understand the …

Microrobots are being explored for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, biological
cargo transport, and minimally invasive surgery. However, current efforts largely focus on …

Magnetic microrobots have shown promise in the field of biomedical engineering, facilitating
precise drug delivery, non-invasive diagnosis and cell-based therapy. Current techniques …

Micro/nanorobotic swarms consisting of numerous tiny building blocks show great potential
in biomedical applications because of their collective active delivery ability, enhanced …

Untethered robots in the size range of micro/nano-scale offer unprecedented access to hard-
to-reach areas of the body. In these challenging environments, autonomous task completion …

Microparticle manipulation and trapping play pivotal roles in biotechnology. To achieve
effective manipulation within fluidic flow conditions and confined spaces, it is necessary to …

Magnetic navigation systems are used to precisely manipulate magnetically responsive
materials enabling the realization of new minimally invasive procedures using magnetic …

Micro-robots (MRs) are miniature machines with dimensions smaller than 1 mm and have
semi-or fully-autonomous capabilities, including sensing, decision-making, and performing …

Magnetic shape memory alloys exhibit various multifunctional properties, which range from
high stroke actuation and magnetocaloric refrigeration to thermomagnetic energy …

Magnetic actuation has been well exploited for untethered manipulation and locomotion of
small-scale robots in complex environments such as intracorporeal lumens. Most existing …