Glial cells have a variety of functions in the brain, ranging from immune defense against
external and endogenous hazardous stimuli, regulation of synaptic formation, calcium …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia which characterized by a
progressive loss of memory and cognitive function due to degeneration of synapses and …

Although the pathological contributions of reactive astrocytes have been implicated in
Alzheimer's disease (AD), their in vivo functions remain elusive due to the lack of …

Background Slowed clearance of amyloid β (Aβ) is believed to underlie the development of
Aβ plaques that characterize Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ is cleared in part by the …

Photobiomodulation, by utilizing low-power light in the visible and near-infrared spectra to
trigger biological responses in cells and tissues, has been considered as a possible …

Blood-brain barrier disruption occurs in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Recent
studies indicate a link between blood-brain barrier dysfunction and cognitive decline and …

Components of the neurovascular unit (NVU) establish dynamic crosstalk that regulates
cerebral blood flow and maintain brain homeostasis. Here, we describe accumulating …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia characterized by the
formation of amyloid plaques (Aβ). Over the last decade, the important role of the innate …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the
presence of misfolded proteins, amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates, and neuroinflammation in the …

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, has emerged
as the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Several pathological hallmarks have …